Bewegung in Zeit und Raum – Hängen (a)symmtrische Zeit-Raum Mappings von modalitätsspezifischen Verarbeitungsprozessen ab?
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
Task modality may account for findings stemming from two seemingly contradictory theories (Conceptual Metaphor Theory; CMT; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980 and A Theory of Magnitude, ATOM; Walsh, 2003) about how spatial and temporal representations are interrelated. In the first funding period (three years) we first reviewed evidence supporting an asymmetric relationship between temporal and spatial representations, that is, a stronger influence of spatial on temporal representations than vice versa, and found that the reviewed studies mainly used vision as task modality. In contrast, studies supporting a symmetric interrelation used different task modalities (e.g. haptic and auditory). Consequently, whether temporal and spatial representations are symmetrically or asymmetrically interrelated might be moderated by task modality. In our empirical work, we successfully conducted seven experiments, published two empirical, multi-experiment papers. We advanced the research field by applying an on-line approach, transferring embodied cognition effects to an applied school setting, developing new paradigms and applying advanced statistics such as Bayesian mixed models and Linear mixed model analysis. In the second funding period, we systematically manipulated visual characteristics of stimuli (e.g. acuity and contrast) to unravel the manipulations’ impact on spatial and temporal precision (and accuracy) in manual interception. Results revealed, for instance, that the spatial and temporal variable errors increased with increasing levels of blur and that this effect was not confounded by contrast. The fact that blurred vision not only affected spatial but also temporal precision and accuracy, led us to further question the generalizability of the asymmetry hypothesis across the different modalities. Additional experiments using kappa and tau effects showed that sensory modality plays an important role in spatiotemporal predictions and interception performance. Regarding the auditory systems’ superior sensitivity to temporal information (when compared to spatial information), we applied manipulations of pitch. Results revealed that pitch affected spatial constant and spatial variable errors with horizontally oriented parabolas, but only on temporal constant errors with vertically oriented parabolas. Future research should further consider multisensory experiments to test the generalizability of the asymmetric and symmetric hypotheses in complex behaviors.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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(2016). A lifespan perspective on embodied cognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 845
Loeffler, J., Raab, M. & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2017). Does movement influence representations of time and space? PLOS ONE, 12(4), e0175192
Loeffler, J., Raab, M. & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2017). Walking back to the future: The impact of walking backward and forward on spatial and temporal concept. Experimental Psychology, 64(5), 346-358
Loeffler, J., Raab, M., & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2018). Embodied Cognition in der Lebensspanne. In U. Granacher, H. Mechling & C. Voelcker-Rehage (Eds.), Handbuch Bewegungs- und Sportgerontologie (pp. 460-466). Schorndorf: Hofmann
Raab, M., Loeffler, J., & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2018). Interrelations Between Temporal and Spatial Cognition: The Role of Modality-Specific Processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2609
Loeffler, J., Cañal-Bruland, R., Schroeger, A., Tolentino-Castro, J. W., & Raab, M.
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(2020). Embodied Cognition. In J. Schüler, M. Wegner & H. Plessner (Eds.), Sportpsychologie – Grundlagen und Anwendung (pp. 115-137). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Loeffler, J., Cañal-Bruland, R. & Raab, M.
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(2020). Let’s do the time warp again - embodied learning of the concept of time in an applied school setting. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-10
Loeffler, J., Raab, M., & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2021). Effects of visual blur and contrast on spatial and temporal precision in manual interception. Experimental Brain Research, 239, 3343-3358
Schroeger, A., Tolentino-Castro, W. J., Raab, M., & Cañal-Bruland, R.
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(2021). Embodied Cognition: Sprache, Metaphern und Instruktionen im Sport. In A. Güllich, & M. Krüger (Eds.), Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft: Handbuch Sport und Sportwissenschaft (pp. 313-326). (Springer Reference Naturwissenschaften). Springer Spektrum
Loeffler, J., Haunhorst, H., Cañal-Bruland, R., & Raab, M.
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(2021). The impact of pitch on tempo- spatial accuracy and precision in intercepting a virtually moving ball. Journal of Motor Behavior, 1-15
Tolentino-Castro, J. W., Schroeger, A., Cañal-Bruland, R., & Raab, M.
