Genetically optimized M13 phages as functionalized bio-templates for the generation of bio/inorganic nanostructured materials
Biomaterials
Final Report Abstract
The genetic modification of M13 phage is an essential step for the use, e.g. as a biotemplate for the fabrication of next generation optical and electronic devices. Such biotemplates open facile synthesis approaches for the fabrication of miniaturized devices. In this study, peptides that specifically bind to inorganic materials (gold and ZnO) were displayed on the phage by genetically engineering. There, it is possible to address specifically the localization on the phage surface: tip, body or tail. PCR technique enabled the generation of various mono- and bifunctional phages displaying either a gold and/or ZnO peptide on the surface of the phage. Phages expressing gold-binding peptides nucleate and grow gold nanoparticles on specific sites on the surface depending on the localization of the coat protein-peptide fusion. The phage templates expressing a ZnO-binding motif provided the base for the generation of multilayer assemblies. The inorganic ZnO phase was mineralized under soft reaction conditions. By the variation of reaction parameters a (002) textured polycrystalline thin film was prepared. Mulitlayer assemblies with 10 phage/ZnO layers can be prepared with a total thickness of >1 µm. Delicate TEM investigations showed the presence of the phage template in the multilayer assemblies and confirmed by TEM EDS analysis. The orientation of the phage templates in consecutive layers had only a minor effect on the mechanical properties of multilayer systems. However, the mechanical properties of such assemblies were controlled by the genetic constitution of the phage template. Based on the phage type either the Young’s modulus and hardness or the fracture toughness was efficiently increased. In addition to the mechanical properties, the piezoelectric behavior was controlled by the genetic constitution of the template. In this connection, the piezoelectric activity of single phage-ZnO hybridwires was induced by genetic engineering of the phage template, leading to the in situ poling of mineralized ZnO crystallites. Based on this phage-induced self-assembly process highly piezo-active nanowires were generated. The phage-templated biomineralization approach can be generalized for inorganic materials. The coating of irregularly shaped surfaces can be achieved using dip coating or spin coating process for preparing the organic template layer. Furthermore, single phage templates allow entering the field of nano- and microdevices.
Publications
- 2013. Mineralization of gold nanoparticles using tailored M13 phages. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2, 173-185
Rothenstein, D., Facey, S.J., Ploss, M., Hans, P., Melcher, M., Srot, V., Aken, P.A.v., Hauer, B., Bill, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1680/bbn.13.00004) - 2014. Adsorption and Self-Assembly of M13 Phage into Directionally Organized Structures on C and SiO2 Films. Langmuir 30, 11428-11432
Moghimian, P., Srot, V., Rothenstein, D., Facey, S.J., Harnau, L., Hauer, B., Bill, J., van Aken, P.A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1021/la502534t) - 2015. Generation of Multishell Magnetic Hybrid Nanoparticles by Encapsulation of Genetically Engineered and Fluorescent Bacterial Magnetosomes with ZnO and SiO2. Small 11, 4209-4217
Borg, S., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J., Schüler, D.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201500028) - 2015. Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 6, 1399-1412
Altintoprak, K., Seidenstücker, A., Welle, A., Eiben, S., Atanasova, P., Stitz, N., Plettl, A., Bill, J., Gliemann, H., Jeske, H., Rothenstein, D., Geiger, F., Wege, C.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.145) - 2015. Polymer blend lithography for metal films: Large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch2. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., 6, 1205–1211
Huang, C., Förste, A., Walheim, S., Schimmel, Th.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.123) - 2016. Phage-assisted assembly of organic inorganic hybrid bilayers. Int J Mater Res 107, 295-299
Moghimian, P., Kilper, S., Srot, V., Rothenstein, D., Facey, S.J., Hauer, B., Bill, J., van Aken, P.A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.3139/146.111351) - 2017. Biogenic and Synthetic Peptides with Oppositely Charged Amino Acids as Binding Sites for Mineralization. Materials 10
Lemloh, M.L., Altintoprak, K., Wege, C., Weiss, I.M., Rothenstein, D.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10020119) - 2018. Macroscopic Properties of Biomimetic Ceramics Are Governed by the Molecular Recognition at the Bioorganic–Inorganic Interface. Adv. Funct. Mater., 1705842
Kilper, S., Facey, S.J., Burghard, Z., Hauer, B., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201705842) - 2019. Genetically Induced In Situ-Poling for Piezo-Active Biohybrid Nanowires. Adv. Mater., 1805597
Kilper, S., Jahnke, T., Aulich, M., Burghard, Z., Rothenstein, D., Bill, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805597)
