Biomineralization in siliceous sponges: Isolation, cDNA sequencing, expression and characterization of the SiO2-synthesizing and degrading enzymes
Final Report Abstract
Siliceous sponges, the the oldest still extant multicellular animals, have the amazing ability to form highly ordered skeletons of amorphous silica. The synthesis of the structural elements, the spicules is under genetic control. In this project we identified and cloned, from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula, further isoforms of silicatein, the enzyme that forms polymeric silica from monomeric precursors in solution. In addition, we identified the first enzyme, silicase, that is able to degrade amorphous silica, as well as the first silicon transporter, NBCSA cotransporter, from a metazoan (sponge) organism. The function and the mechanism of these enzymes/proteins in biosilicification were studied using different techniques. Moreover, the posttranslational modification of silicatein, as well as the dynamics of the differential expression of the enzymes (silicateins, silicase) and proteins (silicon transporter) involved in biosilica metabolism, was investigated using primmorphs as a model system for studying spiculogenesis. The results obtained in the frame of this project contribute not only to the understanding of the principles of one important mechanism of biomineralization – biosilicification – but also allow the development of new strategies for the application of silica, formed via an enzymatic mechanism, in biomedicine and technique.
Publications
- Silica transport in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: fluorescence emission analysis using the PDMPO probe and cloning of a potential transporter. Biochem. J. 381 (2004) 665-673
Schröder HC, Perović-Ottstadt S, Rothenberger M, Wiens M, Schwertner H, Batel R, Korzhev M, Müller IM, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20040463) - Arginine kinase in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: regulation of its expression and catalytic activity by silicic acid. J. Exp. Biol. 208 (2005) 637-646
Perović-Ottstadt S, Wiens M, Schröder HC, Batel R, Giovine M, Krasko A, Müller IM, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01428) - Biosilica formation in spicules of the sponge Suberites domuncula: Synchronous expression of a gene cluster. Genomics 85 (2005) 666-678
Schröder HC, Perović-Ottstadt S, Grebenjuk VA, Engel S, Müller IM, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.005) - Formation of siliceous spicules in the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. Cell Tissue Res. 321 (2005) 285-297
Müller WEG, Rothenberger M, Boreiko A, Tremel W, Reiber A, Schröder HC
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-1141-5) - A histochemical and electron microscopic analysis of the spiculogenesis in the demosponge Suberites domuncula. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54 (2006) 1031-1040
Eckert C, Schröder HC, Brandt D, Perovic-Ottstadt S, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1369%2Fjhc.5A6903.2006) - Co-expression and functional interaction of silicatein with galectin: Matrixguided formation of siliceous spicules in the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 12001-12009
Schröder HC, Boreiko A, Korzhev M, Tahir MN, Tremel W, Eckert C, Ushijima H, Müller IM, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M512677200) - Analysis of the axial filament in spicules of the demosponge Geodia cydonium: Different silicatein composition in microscleres (asters) and megascleres (oxeas and triaenes). Eur. J. Cell Biol. 86 (2007) 473-487
Müller WEG, Schloßmacher U, Eckert C, Krasko A, Boreiko A, Ushijima H, Wolf SE, Tremel W, Müller IM, Schröder HC
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.06.002) - Apposition of silica lamellae during growth of spicules in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: biological/biochemical studies and chemical/biomimetical confirmation. J. Struct. Biol. 159 (2007) 325-334
Schröder HC, Natalio F, Shukoor I, Tremel W, Schloßmacher U, Wang X, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2007.01.007) - Enzymatic production of biosilica glass using enzymes from sponges: basic aspects and application in nanobiotechnology (material sciences and medicine). Naturwissenschaften 94 (2007) 339-359
H.C. Schröder, D. Brandt, U. Schloßmacher, X. Wang, M.N. Tahir, W. Tremel, S.I. Belikov and W.E.G. Müller
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0192-0) - Fractal-related assembly of the axial filament in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: Relevance to biomineralization and the formation of biogenic silica. Biomaterials 28 (2007) 4501-4511
Müller WEG, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Wang X, Tahir MN, Tremel W., Brandt D, Kaandorp JA, Schröder HC
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.030) - Silicateins, the major biosilica forming enzymes present in demosponges: Protein analysis and phylogenetic relationship. Gene 395 (2007) 62-71
Müller WEG, Boreiko A, Wang X, Belikov SI, Wiens M, Grebenjuk VA, Schloßmacher U, Schröder HC
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.014) - Biofabrication of biosilica-glass by living organisms. Nat. Prod. Rep. 25 (2008) 455-474
Schröder HC, Wang X, Tremel W, Ushijima H, Müller WEG
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1039/B612515H)
