Long-term evolution of Rift-Rift-Rift triple junctions: Numerical modeling meets field observations

• Applicant: Dr. Ameha Muluneh
• Subject Area: Geophysics
• Term: since 2023
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 537025018

The emergence of three continental rift arms at a single point result in the formation of a Rift-Rift-Rift triple junction. Triple junctions are one of the most remarkable features of global plate tectonics but their origins, evolution, and relationship to magmatism and the Earth’s mantle structure remain debated. So far, most of our understanding regarding the initiation and stability of triple junctions is derived from plate kinematic studies. However, these kinematic models cannot address the dynamics of cause and effect concerning the joint evolution of fault networks, topography, surface processes, magmatism and plate motions. Joint interpretation of advanced numerical models and observational data have the potential to elucidate the nature of triple junctions in an unprecedented detail. Here we use a multi-disciplinary approach that combines a state-of-the-art 3D lithospheric scale numerical model with geological and geophysical data from unique field tectonic laboratories such as the currently active Afar and Rukwa-Malawi-Usangu triple junctions in East Africa as well as the Cretaceous Equatorial Atlantic rift triple junction. The goal of this project is to characterize the role and interaction of key processes in shaping triple junctions from the mantle to the surface. Our results will provide a framework for understanding the complex spatial and temporal evolution of Rift-Rift-Rift triple junctions worldwide.

• DFG Programme: Research Grants
• International Connection: United Kingdom
• Co-Investigators: Privatdozent Dr. Sascha Brune; Professorin Dr. Marta Perez-Gussinye, Ph.D.
• Cooperation Partner: Professor Dr. Derek Keir