Transposable elements as genetic innovators in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior

• Applicant: Dr. Lukas Schrader
• Subject Area: Evolution, Anthropology
• Term: since 2022
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 497503060

Genome evolution is a much more dynamic process than originally presumed. Present in virtually every genome, transposable elements (TEs) are important players in this, as they actively (transposition) and passively (e.g. aberrant recombination) generate novel genetic mutations and rearrangements. TEs thus play a key role in the genetic differentiation of individuals, populations, and species. The primary goal of this project is to advance our understanding of TEs in genome evolution and their role as a creative force in adaptive processes. For this, I propose studying their impact in Cardiocondyla obscurior, a species of invasive ants whose genome is compartmentalized in fast evolving TE-rich and slowly evolving TE-poor regions. Specifically, this research will address (1) whether TEs can increase adaptability in invasive populations of this species, (2) whether selective activity of TEs in the worker caste can generate adaptive genetic diversity (“superorganismal somatic mosaicism”), and (3) whether the HSP90-dependent cellular stress response contributes to the interplay of environment and TE activity. In an experimental approach, I will assess the expression, transposition, and impact of TEs under different environmental conditions in this invasive ant. This research proposal combines transcriptomics, genomics, and agent-based simulations to expand our knowledge of the role of TEs in evolution and how invasive species cope with constantly changing environments.

• DFG Programme: Research Grants