Traces of explosive eruptions in Cretaceous to Quaternary Indian Ocean sediments.
Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry
Final Report Abstract
Provenance studies of widely distributed tephra deposits are important to deduce systematic changes in the source, scale, distribution, and changes of regional explosive volcanism and are particularly available from long-term deep ocean drilling sedimentary records. In this project, we establish a robust tephrochronostratigraphy for 235 primary marine tephra layers collected during IODP Expeditions 353, 354, and 362, complemented by older drill cores from Legs 22, 119,120,121, and 183. Twenty-two widespread arc-derived tephra layers from individual eruptions can be correlated by geochemical finger-printing between multiple holes. These provide nine Quaternary and 13 Neogene temporal tie points in the sedimentary sequence. Provenance analysis of the marine tephra layers, which is based on glass composition, assign 11 of these layers to a Toba-like source ranging from 24 Ma to 75 ka, with the youngest correlative being Young Toba Tuff. Based on distribution pattern, thickness decay, and compositional evidences another eleven tephra layers can be assigned to a northern Sumatran Arc or to an Andaman Arc provenance. Tephra volumes and magma masses for the (co-ignimbrite) fallout of the Quaternary, including the four large Toba events, are estimated based on the compiled marine tephra distribution that are complemented by published proximal ignimbrite volumes ranging from 129 km3 DRE (Haranggaol Dacite Tuff; Magnitude M=7.5) to 5,600 km3 DRE for the Young Toba Tuff (M=8.9). For the latter this is in between the previous estimates. First-order minimum eruptive volume estimates for the Neogene tephra layers imply eruptive magnitudes ranging from M=6.5 to M=7.5, proving a continuous history of large explosive eruptions from the Sumatran/Andaman Arc since the Neogene. Including new zircon ages in to existent age models we infer at least two major phases of highly explosive arc volcanism during Early Miocene to Pleistocene, as well as three episodes related to explosive ocean island volcanism found in the Kerguelen plateau, the Broken Ridge, and close to Réunion, which is assisted by the dispersed volcanic matter in the background sediment. Overall, the new tephra record results in one large eruption every 200 kyr in the Quaternary that is derived from Sumatra.
Publications
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Release of mineral-bound water prior to subduction tied to shallow seismogenic slip off Sumatra. Science, 356(6340), 841-844.
Hüpers, Andre; Torres, Marta E.; Owari, Satoko; McNeill, Lisa C.; Dugan, Brandon; Henstock, Timothy J.; Milliken, Kitty L.; Petronotis, Katerina E.; Backman, Jan; Bourlange, Sylvain; Chemale, Farid; Chen, Wenhuang; Colson, Tobias A.; Frederik, Marina C. G.; Guèrin, Gilles; Hamahashi, Mari; House, Brian M.; Jeppson, Tamara N.; Kachovich, Sarah; ... & Zhao, Xixi
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Understanding Himalayan erosion and the significance of the Nicobar Fan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 475(c(2017, 10)), 134-142.
McNeill, Lisa C.; Dugan, Brandon; Backman, Jan; Pickering, Kevin T.; Pouderoux, Hugo F.A.; Henstock, Timothy J.; Petronotis, Katerina E.; Carter, Andrew; Chemale, Farid; Milliken, Kitty L.; Kutterolf, Steffen; Mukoyoshi, Hideki; Chen, Wenhuang; Kachovich, Sarah; Mitchison, Freya L.; Bourlange, Sylvain; Colson, Tobias A.; Frederik, Marina C.G.; Guèrin, Gilles; ... & Thomas, Ellen
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Sedimentology, stratigraphy and architecture of the Nicobar Fan (Bengal–Nicobar Fan System), Indian Ocean: Results from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362. Sedimentology, 67(5), 2248-2281.
Pickering, Kevin T.; Pouderoux, Hugo; McNeill, Lisa C.; Backman, Jan; Chemale, Farid; Kutterolf, Steffen; Milliken, Kitty L.; Mukoyoshi, Hideki; Henstock, Timothy J.; Stevens, Duncan E.; Parnell, Charlie & Dugan, Brandon
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Data report: chemical compositions of marine tephra layers in the Indian Ocean, IODP Expeditions 353 and 362. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program (c(2023, 4, 4)). International Ocean Discovery Program.
Kutterolf, S.O.; Schindlbeck, J.C.; Pank, K.; Wang, K-L. & Lee, H-Y.
