New distance protection principle without resistance measurement as a robust line protection in the presence of high load flows
Final Report Abstract
The results obtained so far brings clearness on important aspects of the increasingly urgent need to save conventional distance protection relays from malfunction at higher load flows and provide promising solutions. An important focus that has hardly been discussed in the literature is to consider asymmetrical higher loads, such as during single-pole auto-reclosures. For these, the relevant network variables were examined in detail and algorithmic adjustments based on simulations and relay tests were proposed. Another important object of investigation with regard to future grid operation in Germany is electromagnetic coupling due to transient processes on parallel high-voltage direct current lines (HVDC). Analysis using EMT simulations, generic protection models and device tests could be shown that only in case of phase-to-earth faults it has a significant impact on the AC protection. These are high enough to cause earth-fault pickup due to the induced zero-sequence current. The modification of the load blinder was suggested as the first measure for the further development of the distance protection. The weaknesses of today's load blinder and improvements, which offer clear potential for higher utilization, were shown from network physics considerations. Modifications of the measurement specification in the form of the reactance method were examined in detail. It was shown that this defuses the problem of load blinder approximation, but that fundamental difficulties in distance protection parameterization are not eliminated. Therefore, a fundamentally redesigned distance protection concept was developed in this project, in which the well-known R-X-Impedance characteristics play no longer an important role. Instead, grid characteristics were identified which, on the one hand, allow an advantageous fault detection of asymmetrical faults through skillful utilization of the fault-characteristic asymmetries. On the other hand, delta quantities are used for high sensitivity and at the same time high robustness against higher load flows. A fuzzy logic for linking these criteria together is suitable for depicting the blurred boundaries between operational and fault states. A real-time system for testing the algorithm was set up and the advantages of the new method compared to classic distance protection could be demonstrated.
Publications
- Advanced Load Blinding of Distance Protection Relays based on Physical Grid Limitations, IEEE PES General Meeting 2016 in Boston USA, 16PESGM0948 [awarded as a “Best Conference Paper”]
Schindler, J.; Jaeger, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2016.7741508) - Real Time Adaption of Dead Time for Single-Phase Auto-Reclosing, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Special Section on Frontiers of Power System Protection, Vol. 31, No. 4, TPWRD-00830-2015, pp.1882-1890
Vogelsang, J.; Romeis, C.; Jaeger, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2511660) - Secondary Arc Current During DC Auto Reclosing in Multisectional AC/DC Hybrid Lines. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Special Section on DC Technology and Power System Protection, Vol. 33, No. 1, TPWRD-2017.2734044, pp.489-496
Schindler, J.; Romeis, C.; Jaeger, J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2734044) - AC protection in the context of AC/DC hybrid lines. APAP International Conference on Advanced Power System Automation and Protection, Pap.no. 852553, Xian, China
Prommetta, J.; Schindler, J.;Jaeger J.; Keil, T.; Butterer, C.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/APAP47170.2019.9224645) - Grenzen des Distanzschutzprinzips in zukünftigen hochausgelasteten Netzen. 11. ETG-/FNN-Tutorial Schutz- und Leittechnik, Berlin
Schindler, J.; Jaeger, J.
- Protection Coordination of AC/DC Intersystem Faults in Hybrid Transmission Grids. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,10.1109/TPWRD-2020- 3000731, pp.1854-1858
Prommetta, J.; Schindler, J.;Jaeger J.; Keil, T.; Butterer, C.; Ebner, G.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3000731) - Secure and Dependable Protection Relay Behavior in Extremely High Loaded Transmission Systems. DPSP - 15th IET International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection , Liverpool, UK, 03.2020
Schindler, J.; Prommetta, J.; Jaeger J.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2020.0015) - Load Encroachment in the Presence of Single-Phase Auto-Reclosure and Bulk Power Transmission. 14th IEEE PowerTech Conference, Madrid
Prommetta, J.; Schindler, J.; Jäger, J., Romeis, C.; Keil, T.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech46648.2021.9494780)
