Non-Destructive Impact Damage Detection on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics IDD-Metro within BRAGECRIM
Final Report Abstract
All work packages relevant to WZL were successfully executed during the course of the project. The research project exceeded the state of the art by: • Providing the first quantitative assessment of the measurement uncertainty for thermographic measurement processes in the context of defect detection in CFRP composite materials in repair shop scenarios; • Setting up a capable measurement process and realizing an image processing algorithms that is able to automatically detect and extracts defect areas and depth from phase images acquired using Lock-in thermography; • Developing a Machine-Learning Approach capable of providing an estimation of the depth of defects without the need of calibrated positions on the specimen; and • Achieving a higher resolution and accuracy for Lock-in thermography applied for the assessment of the depth and area of defects in CFRP plates than the previous state of the state. Major achievements can be expressed quantitatively by means of: • Reducing the minimal deviation for the assessment of the area of defects in CFRP component from 6% to 2%; • Determining the depth of defects with deviations less than 10% up to defects with a depth of 2,5mm. For these reasons we are confident that the project was successfully accomplished from a scientific point of view. The overall objective to design, develop, setup a system that reliably detects impact damages with their respective properties in CFRP components for enabling a reliable repair process in the repair shop environment was successfully achieved. We would like to point out that the collaboration was a key point for the success of the project. The complementary technical expertise, equipment and infrastructure made the realization of high-level results possible. In particular, the possibility to frequently exchange and discuss individual and joint scientific advances with our partners from Labmetro was a key factor for the large number of high-quality publications achieved within the project. Furthermore, the project led to an intense cultural exchange due to the possible work missions. Unfortunately, the investigations regarding the enhancement of the data-driven approaches could not be followed-up within the remaining time of the project due to the restrictions and problems related to the pandemic.
Publications
- (2016) Robust method to improve the quality of shearographic phase maps obtained in harsh environments. Appl. Opt. 55(6):1318
Fantin A. V., Willemann D. P., Benedet M. E., Albertazzi A. G.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.001318) - Robust method to improve the quality of shearographic phase maps obtained in harsh environments. In: Applied Optics Vol. 55, Issue 6, pp. 1318-1323 (2016)
Fantin, A.; Willemann, D.; Benedet, M.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.001318) - CT applied as a reference technique for evaluating active lock-in thermography in characterizing CFRP impact damage test samples, In: 7th Conference on Industrial Computed Tomography, Leuven, Belgium (iCT 2017), 2017
Ekanayake, S.; Baldo, C.; Fernandes, T.; Isenberg, C.; Schmitt, R.; Albertazzi, A.
- Method for quantitative 3D evaluation of defects in CFRP using active lock-in thermography In: 1st CIRP Conference on Composite Materials Parts Manufacturing, Procedia CIRP 66, 2017, S. 254 – 258
Ekanayake, S.; Isenberg, C.; Schmitt, R.H.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.368) - A single shot shearography device for simultaneous measurement in three shearing dimensions. In: ICSM, 2018
Barrera, E.; Fantin, A; Willemann, D.; Benedet, M.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2318706) - Depth determination of defects in CFRP- structures using lock-in thermography. In: Composite Part B (147), 2018, S. 128-134
Ekanayake, S.; Gurram, S.; Schmitt, R. H.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.032) - Multiple-aperture oneshot shearography for simultaneous measurements in three shearing directions. In: Optics and Lasers in Engineering (111) p. 86-92
Barrera, E.; Fantin, A.; Willemann, D.; Benedet, M.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.07.018) - A conceptual study of infrared and visible-light image fusion methods for three-dimensional object reconstruction In: SPIE Optical Metrology, Munich, 2019
Marcellino, G.; de Oliveira, B.; Borges, V.; Pinto, T.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527428) - Defect classification in shearography images using convolutional neural networks In: SPIE Optical Metrology, Munich, 2019
Fröhlich, H.; de Oliveira, B.; Barrera, E.; Fantin, A.; Willemann, D.; Benedet, M.; Albertazzi, A.
- Diameter quantification of through holes in pipelines hidden by protective layers of composite materials using instantaneous shearography simultaneously in three shearing directions In: SPIE Optical Metrology, Munich, 2019
Bortoli, T.; Barrera, E.; Fantin, A.; Willemann, D.; Benedet, M.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527165) - Impact damage characterization in CFRP plates using PCA and MEEMD decomposition methods in optical lock-in thermography phase images In: SPIE Optical Metrology, Munich, 2019
De Oliveira, B. C.; Fröhlich, H.; Barrera, E.; Baldo, C.; Albertazzi Goncavles, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526357) - Thermografie zur Detektion von CFK-Schäden- Quantitativer Vergleich der Lock-in und Puls-Phase Thermografie, In: Technisches Messen – tm, 2019
Ekanayake, S.; Wiedbrauck, D.; Schäferling, M.; Häfner, B.; Schmitt, R. H.; Lanza, G.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2018-0086) - A cost-effective alternative for chessboard pattern to calibrate industrial infrared cameras used in defect measurement with active lock-in thermography. In: Infrared Sensors, Devices, And Applications X, 22 ago. 2020
de Oliveira, B. C. F. et al.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2566822) - Comparison between segmentation performances of a tool based on wavelet decomposition and multithreshold and of a U- net convolutional neural network applied to shearography images of carbon fiber reinforced plastic plates with low-velocity impact damages. In: Optical Engineering (59), 2020
de Oliveira, B.; Borges, V.; Baldo, C.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.59.5.051406) - Comparison of principal component analysis and multi-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition for impact damage segmentation in square pulse shearography phase images. In: Applications Of Digital Image Processing XLIII, 21 aug. 2020, SPIE, 21 ago
Fröhlich, H. B. et al.
- Improved impact damage characterisation in CFRP samples using the fusion of optical lock-in thermography and optical square-pulse shearography images. In: NDT & E International (111), 2020
de Oliveira, B.; Nienheysen P.; Baldo, C.; Albertazzi, A.; Schmitt, R.H.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102215) - Metrological analysis of the three-dimensional reconstruction based on close-range photogrammetry and the fusion of long-wave infrared and visible-light images. In: Measurement Science Technology, Aug. 2020
de Oliveira, B. C. F.; Marcellino, G. C.; da Rosa, P. A. A.; Pinto, T. L. F. C.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/abb273) - Quantification of defects in CFRP parts using active Lock-in Thermography and Artificial Neural Networks, In: Euspen ICE, Geneva, 2020
Wolfschläger, D.; Kromberg, K.; Schmitt, R. H.
- Square-pulse shearography inspections of metallic parts repaired with a glass fiber reinforced polymer using pressure, radiation, vibration, and induction loading methods. In: IJPVP (187) November 2020, 104187
de Oliveira, B.; Seibert, A.; Staub, D.; Albertazzi, A.
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2020.104187)
