Fiber-optic parametric amplifiers for signal regeneration in transmission systems with advanced modulation formats
Final Report Abstract
We have investigated the deployment of phase-insensitive fiber-based optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs) in conventional long-haul wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. Using both numerical methods and experiments, it has been shown that the performance of phase-insensitive FOPAs in long-haul transmission links can be comparable to that of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) provided that lower power efficiency is accepted. In order to realize a practical FOPA in an optical transmission system, polarization-independent operation of the FOPA is necessary. Based on our investigations, it is essential to implement highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) with well suppressed stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) (e.g. strained fiber) in a FOPA which employs the polarization-diversity scheme. In case pump phase-dithering is used for SBS enhancement of the HNLF, the number of RF dithering tones must be limited to three with a reduced maximum frequency level (e.g. about 800 MHz). As shown in our work, the choice of the maximum frequency of the pump phase-dithering tone has a direct impact on the SBS-induced signal degradation which can lead to an increased bit-error ratio. With this approach the FOPA can be used as an amplifier in the transmission network. Furthermore, the regenerative capabilities of a polarization-independent FOPA based on mid-link optical phase conjugation (OPC) has been demonstrated for the Kerr nonlinearity compensation of a 28-GBd polarization-division multiplexed 16-QAM signal in a 50-GHz spaced 5-channel WDM transmission over both dispersion-compensated and dispersion-uncompensated links. The nonlinearity compensation performances of both the FOPA-based OPC device and digital backpropagation were compared for up to 800-km transmission over dispersion-compensated transmission links. In the WDM scenario, the obtained Q2-factor improvement by the OPC when compared to the digital backpropagation and the transmission without any nonlinearity compensation were 0.4 dB and 0.9 dB, respectively. Therefore, in our experiments, the optical domain nonlinearity compensation proves to be a better approach than its digital domain counterpart for nonlinearity compensation of WDM signals. In general, for practical systems, it can be concluded that in transmission systems consisting of shorter spans of dispersion-uncompensated fibers utilizing distributed Raman amplification, the presence of a well-optimized mid-link polarization-independent OPC (based on the polarization-diversity loop scheme) can lead to a high Kerr nonlinearity compensation. The FOPA-based OPC device will require SBS-suppressed polarization-maintaining highly nonlinear fiber with a high nonlinear coefficient. In place of the PM-HNLF, a conventional HNLF can be used in the diversity loop. However, there should be a feedback from the diversity loop (e.g. using a coupler) in order to stabilize the input polarization of the pump.
Publications
- “Characterization of polarization insensitive FOPA using a polarization-maintaining highly non-linear fiber,” in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), California, USA, 2013, paper OTu2D.2
I. Sackey, T. Richter, C. Meuer, R. Elschner, M. Jazayerifar, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
- “Investigation of nonlinear effects in long-haul DWDM communication systems with in-line fiber optic parametric amplifiers,” in Proc. Photonic Networks, 14 ITG Symposium, proceedings, Leipzig, Germany, May 2013
M. Jazayerifar, S. Warm, R. Elschner, I. Sackey, C. Meuer, C. Schubert, and K. Petermann
- “Performance evaluation of DWDM communication systems with fiber optical parametric amplifiers,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 31, no. 9, May, 2013
M. Jazayerifar, S. Warm, R. Elschner, D. Kroushkov, I. Sackey, C. Meuer, C. Schubert, K. Petermann
- “Characterization of a fiber-optical parametric amplifier in a 5×28-GBd 16-QAM DWDM system, ” in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), California, USA, 2014, paper W3E.3.1
I. Sackey, R. Elschner, M. Nölle, T. Richter, L. Molle, C. Meuer, M. Jazayerifar, S. Warm, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1364/OFC.2014.W3E.3) - “Design and performance evaluation of an OPC device using a dual-pump polarization-independent FOPA,” in proc. 40th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Cannes, France, 2014, paper Tu.1.4.4
I. Sackey, F. Da Ros, T. Richter, R. Elschner, M. Jazayerifar, C. Meuer, C. Peucheret, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2014.6963845) - “Experimental demonstration of an OFDM receiver based on a silicon-nanophotonic discrete Fourier transform filter,” in Proc. IEEE Photonic Conference (IPC), California, USA, 2014, paper MG2.5
F. Da Ros, M. Nölle, C. Meuer, A. Rahim, K. Voigt, A. Abboud, I. Sackey, S. Schwarz, L. Molle, G. Winzer, L. Zimmermann, C. G. Schäffer, J. Bruns, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/IPCon.2014.6995253) - “Impact of SBS on polarization-insensitive single-pump optical parametric amplifiers based on a diversity loop scheme,” in Proc. 40th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Cannes, France, 2014, paper Tu.4.6.4
M. Jazayerifar, I. Sackey, R. Elschner, S. Warm, C. Meuer, C. Schubert, and K. Petermann
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2014.6963968) - “Kerr nonlinearity compensation in a 5×28-GBd PDM 16-QAM WDM system using fiber-based optical phase conjugation,” in Proc. 40th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Cannes, France, 2014, paper P.5.3
F. Da Ros, I. Sackey, R. Elschner, T. Richter, C. Meuer, M. Nölle, L. Molle, M. Jazayerifar, K. Petermann, C. Peucheret, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2014.6963897) - “Kerr nonlinearity mitigation in 5×28-GBd PDM 16-QAM signal transmission over a dispersion-uncompensated link with backward-pumped distributed Raman amplification,” Optics Express, vol. 22, no. 22, 2014
I. Sackey, F. Da Ros, M. Jazayerifar, T. Richter, C. Meuer, M. Nölle, L. Molle, C. Peucheret, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.027381) - “Evaluation of Kerr Nonlinearity based on digital backpropagation and digital coherent superposition,” in Proc. Photonic Networks, 16 ITG Symposium, pp. 135-139, Leipzig, Germany, 2015
I. Sackey, M. Nölle, T. Richter, J. K. Fischer, M. Jazayerifar, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
- “Kerr nonlinearity mitigation: mid-link spectral inversion versus digital backpropagation in 5×28-GBd PDM 16-QAM signal transmission,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 33, no. 9, May, 2015
I. Sackey, F. Da Ros, T. Richter, J. K. Fischer, M. Jazayerifar, C. Peucheret, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
- “Nonreciprocal gain due to counter-propagating pumps in a polarization-independent FOPA with diversity loop,” in proc. 41st European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Valencia, Spain, 2015, paper We.2.4.6
I. Sackey, M. Jazayerifar, R. Elschner, T. Richter, C. Meuer, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC.2015.7341984) - “Optical phase conjugation for nonlinearity compensation in WDM PDM 16-QAM transmission over dispersion-compensated and dispersion-uncompensated links,” in Proc. IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, Bahamas, 2015, paper MF1.1
F. Da Ros, I. Sackey, M. Jazayerifar, T. Richter, R. Elschner, C. Meuer, M. Nölle, L. Molle, K. Petermann, J. K. Fischer, C. Schubert, and C. Peucheret
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/PHOSST.2015.7248199) - “Perspectives of long-haul WDM transmission systems based on phase-insensitive fiber-optic parametric amplifiers,” in Proc. IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, Bahamas, 2015, paper TuF4.1
M. Jazayerifar, I. Sackey, R. Elschner, F. Da Ros, T. Richter, C. Meuer, C. Peucheret, C. Schubert, and K. Petermann
(See online at https://doi.org/10.1109/PHOSST.2015.7248272) - “Qualitative comparison of Kerr nonlinearity schemes in a dispersion-managed link for 4×28-GBd 16-QAM signals,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 33, no. 23, December, 2015
I. Sackey, T. Richter, M. Nölle, M. Jazayerifar, K. Petermann, J. K. Fischer, and C. Schubert
- “Quantization of Volterra kernel coefficients for reduced complexity,” in Proc. Photonic Networks, 16 ITG Symposium, pp. 162-166, Leipzig, Germany, 2015
P. W. Berenguer, I. Sackey, C. Schubert, and J. K. Fischer
- “QPSK phase-regeneration in a silicon waveguide using phase-sensitive processing,” in Proc. 42nd European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Düsseldorf, Germany, (upgraded) invited paper W.3.C.2, 2016
I. Sackey, E. Liebig, T. Richter, A. Gajda, L. Zimmermann, K. Petermann, and C. Schubert
